“家园遗产”:情境、主体、实践——基于台湾原住民及“社区营造”经验的探讨

"Homeland Heritage" :Context,Subject,Practice——A study based on the indigenous peoples of Taiwan and the "community building" experience

如同遗产是一种文化过程,"家园遗产"的提出以及实践亦是一种特定历史情境下的文化过程。它是针对在遗产运动过程中,遗产的原真性拥有者自身失语和被边缘化的处境所提出来的。它是对遗产真正主体的一种尊重,也是族群应对全球化、民族—国家权力、强化自我认同的工具。台湾当下的原住民"家园遗产"意义上的部落重建就是在此历史情境下生成的。同时,台湾社会一场意在应对全球化和自身社会政治经济文化危机的"社区总体营造"运动赋予台湾原住民重回部落、建设家园的一种"由上而下"的积极力量,亦是探讨台湾原住民家园意义上的遗产实践不可避开的情境。此外,"社区总体营造"与"家园遗产"概念有着深刻的内在一致性,它一方面例证了"家园遗产"实践的可能性和意义,另外一方面丰富了"家园遗产"主体的内涵。

Just as the heritage is a cultural process, the proposition and practice of ＂Homeland Herit- age＂ is also a process of culture in a specific historical context. Proposed against the background of the si- lent and marginalized predicament of the owners of the authenticity of heritage, this concept is a respect to the real subjects of heritage and a tool for the ethnical groups to tackle globalization, ethnical-national power, and intensify self-identification. The contemporary Aboriginal Tribe reconstruction in Taiwan in the sense of ＂homeland heritage＂ is against this the historical context. Meanwhile, an ＂Overall Community Building＂ movement designed to respond to globalization and its own social, political, economic and cultur- al crisis gives Taiwan aboriginal tribes ＂from top to bottom＂ positive support to return to their tribal lives, another unavoidable context for the heritage practice of the indigenous peoples in the sense of homeland. Besides, ＂Overall Community Building＂ is inherently consistent with the concept of ＂homeland heritage, exemplifying the probability and meaning of the practice of ＂homeland heritage＂ on the one hand, enriching the connotation of the subject of ＂homeland heritage＂.