桐城文化中的爱民思想研究

Research on the Thought of "Loving the People" in Tongcheng Culture

桐城文化中的爱民思想体现在吁求统治阶级爱民、重民和贵民等方面,认为统治者应以民为贵,使"君—国—民"之间形成并保持一种良性的持续互动关系。桐城仕宦重视民众的社会作用和政治地位,提倡爱护和厚待民众。桐城仕宦认为设君为民,民贵君轻,君臣有共事之义,而非臣之食禄为受君之恩之主从依附关系,这种共事之义的内涵是臣子匡正君主过失,利江山社稷,使百姓安居乐业。桐城诸贤突破男尊女卑的传统观念,贬抑男权,褒扬民妇,既宣传"女胜儿"思想,又颂赞"女君子"形象。其对待妇女之态度不以富贵为尊,而以思想品德上之"贤"来打破以政治上之"贵"和经济上之"富"为特征的阶级地位之不公,推举"惟贤者为尊"。

The thought of ＂loving the people＂ in Tongcheng culture is reflected in advocation the ruling class to emphasize and love the people. It is thought that the rulers should pay great attention to the people, to form an active good interaction among ＂ruler-country-people＂. The officials in Tongcheng attach impor- tance to the social role and political status of people, advocating caring the people. They also think the people are more fundamental than the king, people and king are related and the people is not subjected to the king, the people can help the king to correct mistakes, which is beneficial to the country and people＇s prosperity. The wise officials break through the traditional values, not directed by wealth, but by virtues in moral. They economical wealth or high political status. praising women over men. Their attitude to women is elect talented people by their moral virtues instead of