足球运动员国际流动问题的争论焦点和两难困境

Analysis on the International Movement of Soccer Players on the Focus of Debate and Dilemma

足球运动员国际流动对输入国和输出国的政治经济发展带来了变化和影响,对学界争论焦点进行评述,涉及到足球运动员国际流动实践中的"市场换技术"发展模式、"过气"明星、文化政治、同化政策、地方认同、世界城市定位等具体问题和理论观点。球员输入国和输出国均面临两难困境的影响。对输入国政治经济的影响而言,球员国际流动为促进联赛经济发展具有积极作用,同时,对国家既定的文化政治生态产生冲击。对输出国政治经济的影响而言,球员国际流动为提升国家队比赛成绩,赢得更多的国际关注和政治影响具有积极作用,同时,本土精英球员资源外流,导致本国联赛市场国际竞争力不足。最终的政策设计目标是破除运动员国际流动两难困境,实现联赛经济和文化政治发展共赢。

The international movement of soccer players has brought the change and impact on the political and eco- nomic development of the importing and exporting countries. This paper reviews the focus of the academic debates and involves the special issue and theoretical points of view like the development model of exchanging market for tech- nology, the ＂has been＂ stars, cultural politics, assimilation policy, local identity and the world city orientation in the international movement practice of the soccer players. Player importing and exporting countries are facing the impact of dilemma. For the impact on the politics and economy of the importing country, the international movement of play- ers plays a positive role in promoting the economic development of the League and produces a shock on the existing cultural and political ecologies of the country as well. For the impact on the political economy of the exporting coun- try, the international movement of players has a positive role in enhancing the results of the national competitions and winning more international attention and political influence. Meanwhile, the outflow of the local elite players results in a lack of international competitiveness of the national league market. The ultimate policy goal is to break through the dilemma of the international movement of players and realize cultural politics. the win--win situation of the league economy and the cultural politics.