试论原始“五方”观念及其对中国绘画空间思想的影响

On Traditional Concept of Five Orientations and Its Influence on Spatial Thought in Chinese Painting

绘画是一门空间艺术,不同的空间观念导致了绘画等空间艺术的不同发展方向。中华民族最早能够在文献中发现的成型的空间观念无疑是殷商时期已经存在的"五方"观念。这种空间观念奠定了中国古代空间思想重视人的空间体验以及宇宙空间与社会空间紧密相连的特点,这使得中国绘画等空间艺术从一开始就走上重观念而轻外形的道路。

Painting is a kind of art concerning space. Different spatial concepts will lead to different orientation of spatial art. The earliest spatial concept found in literature in China is undoubtedly the concept concerning five orientations which al- ready existed in about Yinshang Dynasty. Such concept has laid the foundation on which the spatial thought in Chinese philoso- phy attached importance to the personal feeling about space and universal concept was closely related to the social space. This makes the Chinese painting art step into orientation which valued concept and belittled the form from the very beginning.