论斯宾诺莎的“实体”说与“人的目的性存在”思想

On Spinoza's Thinking of“Substance”and “the Existence of Purposiveness of Individual”

斯宾诺莎通过引入"神"的定义,实体不仅被规定为自因且能思维的主体,而且最终被理解为绝对的"一"。这既可以说是以犹太教的一神教精神来理解来自希腊的"实体"概念,也可以说是以希腊的"实体"概念来理解一神教信仰的绝对之一神。由于实体是绝对的一,人与万物都只不过是分有这一实体的样式物,这意味着,正如每一具体物一样,每个人都是"神"这一实体的角色性存在,而作为神的一种存在,每个人的存在就是目的本身。

By introducing the definition of＂god＂into＂Substance＂,Spinoza has regulated that Substance is not only a self-caused and thinking subject,but the Absolute＂One＂ per se eventually.This interpretation can provide two transformable standpoints,which means,on one hand,for the conception of＂Substance＂from Greek Philosophy,it is an understanding based on monotheism spirit of Judaism;on the other hand,for absolute one god of Jewish monotheism,it is an understanding from the idea of＂Substance＂.Because Substance signifies the Absolute One,and from human to all nature,all just have something of its form,every individual like specific object in this world plays some role showing the existence of the Substance of＂god＂,further,as a kind of the existence of god himself,individual becomes an end in himself.