科举制度与明代诗文的式微

On the Relationship between Imperial Examination System and the Decline of the Poetry and Prose in Ming Dynasty

有明一代诗文式微,科举制度负有不可推卸的责任。这主要表现在三个层面:其一,士人进士及第前绝少涉猎诗文;其二,科举制度下文士写诗作文颇为尴尬;其三,时文流弊浸及诗文写作。当然,这主要就成化、弘治以后的情形而言。成化、弘治以前,情况稍好些,因为明代科举行文程式有一个发展过程,其对诗文影响应具体分析,不可一概而论。

The imperial examination system should bear the responsibility of the decline of poetry and prose in Ming Dynasty. From a literary perspective, the effect mainly exists in three aspects： First, Shiren rarely write poetry before they become Jinshi; Secondly, under the imperial examination system, intellectuals writing poetry is very embarrassing; Thirdly, the shortcomings of Baguwen have a bad influence on poetry and prose. Of course,this mainly exists in Chenghua and Hong.zhi years later. Previously,the situation is slightly better. Because of the imperial examinations in Ming Dynasty, the program has a process of development. Its impacting on poetry should be analyzed concretely.