从批判到自由?——文化工业理论的历史考察与反思

Criticism to Freedom?——A Historical Retrospection and Reflection upon Cultural Industry Theory

自法兰克福学派提出文化工业理论以来,文化工业理论经历了从意识形态属性向产业属性的转变,这一变迁虽然拓宽了文化工业的基本内涵,在文化工业与日常生活之间架起了一座桥梁,但是文化工业理论逐渐丧失了批判的锋芒,面临中性化的危险。文化工业理论内涵的变迁并未实现批判—自由之路的转变,在新的历史语境下,文化工业依然没有摆脱宏观权力结构的控制。因此,保持文化工业理论的意识形态属性与产业属性之间的张力仍然是必要的,在批判、反思、重构的基础之上,才能真正实现文化工业既启迪民众又服务世俗生活的目的。

Since the Frankfurt School put forward cultural industry theory, the theory has experienced a shift from ideology to the industrial property. The changes broaden the basic connotations of culture industry theory, and build a bridge between the culture industry and daily life. However, the theory gradually lost its critical edge, facing the danger of neutrality. The changes do not achieve the target of shifting from criticism to freedom. Currently cuhural industry is not free from the control of the mac- ro-power structure in the new historical context. Therefore, to maintain the tension between its ideo- logical property and industrial property is still necessary. Only on the basis of criticism--reflection-- reconstruction, can it be achieved to sdrve and inspire the public.