精子发生的表观遗传学变化及其对后代的影响

Epigenetics change throughout spermatogenesis and its influence on offspring

目的通常的观点认为,卵细胞因为提供了母方基因组和大部分甚至全部的细胞质而对受精卵的形成起到更加重要的作用,而精子仅仅带来了父方的基因组。近期的研究表明,精子发生过程中的表观遗传学变化也对其后代的胚胎形成及发育有着重要的影响。因此,了解精子发生的表观遗传学变化及其研究的最新动态对于研究精子发生过程本身、精子发生对于子代胚胎的影响以及辅助生殖技术等精细胞临床应用研究都有十分重要的意义。方法本文将从DNA甲基化、鱼精蛋白取代作用及留守组蛋白修饰、小RNAs的调控作用三大方面概括说明哺乳动物精子发生过程中的表观遗传学研究最新进展。结论简要说明精子发生过程中这种非基因组序列的改变对后代胚胎形成及发育造成的影响。

Objective： The usual view is that the ooeyte made great contributions to embryonic development as it provide most of the cytoplasm. While the sperm contributions has long been considered limited because of the dramatic changes in ehromatin structure throughout spermatogenesis. However, recent studies in the fields of epigenetics of male gamete establish a more critical role for the paternal epigenome in the developing embryo. Thus understand spermatogenesis epigenetic changes and the latest research achievements have great significance for the study of either male gamete or its related applications. Methods ： This review summary the recent achievements in DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, protamine replacement and the role of noncoding RNAs of epigenetics change throughout spermatogenesis. Conclusions： Give a brief description of this non - genomie sequence changes impact on the developing embryo.