时代危机的诊断与拯救——基于卢卡奇“哲学与科学的二重性”批判的视角

On the Diagnosis and Rescue of the Crisis of Our Times:In view of Georg Lukács' Critique of the Duality Between Philosophy and Science

本文以卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》为主要文本,围绕着哲学与科学的关系,力图对其辩证法思想进行厘清。文章指出,对卢卡奇而言,科学的危机是资本主义的危机:首先,卢卡奇区分了以现实为基点的总体性方法和以事实为基点的自然科学方法,分析了现代资本主义社会中的危机;其次,他通过对德国古典哲学的重构,明晰了这一危机的哲学基础,并将黑格尔辩证法理解为"内容"的辩证法;同时,他又将无产阶级意识的生成视为在历史中实现辩证法的关键环节,以此来消解哲学与科学的二重性,进而克服现代资本主义社会的危机。

On the basis of Georg Lukacs＇ History and Class Consciousness, this paper is intended to reinterpret and clarify his theory of dialectic thinking around the relationship between philosophy and science. This paper points out that according to Lukacs, the crisis of science is the crisis of capitalism. Firstly, Lukacs distinguished between the totality method which is based on reality and the natural scientific method which is based on facts, and made an analysis of the crisis in modern capitalist society. Then, through reconstructing the classical German philosophy, he clarified the philosophical foundation of this crisis and interpreted Hegel＇ s dialectic as the dialectic of matter. Meanwhile, he took the creating of the consciousness of the proletariat as the key link to realize dialectics in history, so as to dispel the duality between philosophy and science, and further to overcome the crisis in modern capitalist society.