大气圈碳循环的模拟研究进展

ON THE SIMULATION STUDIES OF CARBON CYCLE IN THE ATMOSPHERE

碳元素是地球生命的重要组成元素 ,而大气中的 CO2 是生命物质中碳元素的最主要来源 ,它也是引起气候长期变化的外强迫作用中最主要的温室气体。观测资料表明 ,在工业革命后 ,由于人类工农业活动的影响 ,大气圈中 CO2 含量增加很快。了解碳的源汇分布 ,大气圈碳循环动力机制以及碳循环与气候系统的相互作用 ,并进一步了解碳循环在整个地球系统内的作用过程十分重要。本文综合了近年来一些关于碳循环的数值模拟主要结论 ,并对大气圈碳循环的各种不同模拟方法进行了比较。目前碳循环模拟方法大致可分为两种 :模式方法和统计方法。模式方法 ,尤其是三维大气环流模式 ,可较详细地描述碳循环的动力机制 ,精确度也比较高 ,但计算量大 ,而统计方法简便 ,直观 ,计算量小 ,研究碳的源汇分布很方便 ,但对碳循环动力过程的描述缺乏足够的能力。对大气圈碳循环的模拟研究在国际上仍处于起步阶段 ,在未来几年中将会有很大的发展。

Carbon is an important element of lives on the earth.The main source of carbon in the creature is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Also it is the most important greenhouse gas that influences the long-term climate change.After industry revolution,observations indicate a sharp increase of global carbon dioxide that mainly results from human activities.Studies of carbon cycle will help us with a deeper understanding of the interaction between carbon cycle and climate systems.In present work we give an introductory survey of the simulation of carbon cycle in the atmosphere .The statistics and modeling were widely used in the studies of carbon cycle in the atmosphere.Each research tool has its merits.Modeling,especially 3-D coupling general circulation model (GCM) can describe the dynamic processes of carbon cycle in the atmosphere in detail.However,the statistics method needs less calculation costs.