梅州山区热带水果和经济作物的地域布局——梅州市“99寒害”水果经作受灾调查

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TROPICAL FRUIT PLANTS AND CASH CROPS IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF MEIZHOU

由于北方冷空气入侵 ,1999年 12月 2 0日至 2 6日梅州市出现连续 7天的低温霜 (冰 )冻天气 ,热带亚热带水果、经济林和经济作物 (以下简称果作 )受到严重危害 ,造成巨大的经济损失。为了解受灾情况 ,研究本省山区今后果作发展问题 ,在梅州市人民政府、市政协和市农委的支持和协助下 ,由广州地理研究所派专业技术人员到梅州进行调查研究。本文对果作寒害进行分析 ,并提出发展果作的措施。

Meizhou suffered from great economic losses during the seven days from December 20 to 26, 1999, when strong cold air mass from north intruded into the region and caused serious frost hazard. A large area of tropical fruit plants, cash crops and economic forests were heavily damaged. However, the hazard differed from areas to areas. The damage in the southern part (Dapu County) was heavier than that in the northern. And, in the same area, the damage at different parts of terrains showed different conditions. In the sheltered places or those surrounding reservoirs, and on the hillsides facing south, the hazard was much lighter or even no damage was there. Situated in the transition zone between south subtropics and mid-substropics, Meizhou is a mountainous region with complicated landform. The lesson from the '99 frost hazard should be drawn, and a scientific plan of reasonable distribution of tropical fruit plants and cash crops should be made. For that planning the following factors should be considered: 1) making use of the favorable microclimatic environment; 2) estimation of the risk of cold damage; 3) selection of the cold-resistant fruit varieties; 4) combination of multi-varities of fruits and crops; 5) comprehensive utilization of land resources in mountain areas.