中西文化形态之大别--“类比律·纲目体系”与“因果律·逻辑体系”之比较研究

The Major Differences Between Chinese and Western Culture Forms

近百年来,中西文化之撞击,引来了知识者的共同议题:中西文化形态之大别在哪里?先由梁漱溟之《中西文化及其哲学》开其大端(此前无系统之论),接着冯友兰则依其"概念哲学"划定为"地域性——历史阶段——社会类型"三层论而广开"言路",其后则几乎一切哲人皆有所见所论。实际上,中土是心性文化(仁义礼智根于心),西方文化是以"思"为源泉的亦即"我思故我在"的因果律·逻辑理性文化(真善美三分结构论)。心性文化发源于圣人之献身精神,其旨向内,其质是德性文化,其开端是孟子四端说,其理论展开方式是依"类比律"而来的纲目体系;因果律·逻辑理性文化发源于"爱智慧"与科学精神,其旨向外,其质是智思文化,其开端是亚里士多德的四因说,其理论展开方式是依"因果律"而来的"认识论—本体论"等等不同的逻辑体系。中土文化之最高辉煌是良心(良知);西方文化之最高创造与归宿,是上帝。民族文化生命之完善演示及其呈现是"谱系树"形态,它由"根—干—枝—叶"有序地组成。故文化生命形态的大别,皆起源其"根—干"上,而非"枝—叶"上。今人之误,是只看"枝—叶",而不及"根—干";或中西相混,指鹿为马;或全盘西化,失祖忘宗。

Over the past century,Chinese and Western culture has been shocked,attracting common issues from intellectuals: What is the major difference between Chinese and Western culture forms? There are difference answers to this topic,causing many scholars research it. The first is Liang Shuming's Western Culture and Philosophy,then Feng Youlan designated philosophical concept as regional-historical stage,the type of society,three classes of society,which was seen in almost different philosophical schools. This paper puts forward Chinese culture is the mind( the kindheartedness and righteousness root in the heart),the western culture is the thinking,which fromed the causality-logic-rationality culture source,I think therefore I am.