基于景观格局分析的土壤侵蚀时空关系研究

Landscape Pattern for Spatio-temporal Variation of Soil Erosion

利用RUSLE模型分别对研究区1998年和2008年的土壤侵蚀状况进行模拟并评价。在此基础之上,从景观生态学的角度对研究区10年间土壤侵蚀时空变化特征进行分析。主要结果:①研究区土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀和中度侵蚀为主,其中海拔在250 m以上的地区、坡度为8o^15o的地区是土壤侵蚀风险高的主要地带。研究区上游土壤侵蚀情况明显要高于中游和下游。②研究区侵蚀面积明显减少,侵蚀量降低,其中剧烈侵蚀变化率最大,达到了46.36%。③研究不同时间小流域的农业景观格局与土壤侵蚀的关系表明,2008年土壤侵蚀与所对应的景观指数单因子相关性都高于1998年,说明人为干预是研究区土壤侵蚀减少的主要原因。

Using RUSLE model to simulate and evaluate soil erosion respectively in the research area of 1998 and 2008. Based on analysis the study area soil erosion spatial and temporal variations in 10 years with the perspec- tive of using landscape ecology is presented. The results are as follows： （~）the majority of soil erosion are slight moderate in study area, the slope area, at an altitude of 250 m above 8~ -15~ region is the main area of high soil erosion risk. Soil erosion in the study area is significantly higher than the upstream, midstream and downstream. （~） the study area soil erosion area significantly reduced, erosion amount reduced, where severe erosion rate, up to 46.36%. （~） showed that the study of small watershed in different time of the agricultural landscape pattern and the relationship between the soil erosion, 2008 soil erosion and landscape index corresponding to the single factor correla- tion are higher than in 1998, indicating that the human intervention is the main reason of soil erosion reduction.