旅游种群的入侵、继替与古村落空间秩序重组研究——以徽州古村落宏村为例

Tourism Population Invasion, Succession and the Spatial Order Recombination of Ancient Village—A Case Study of Hongcun Village

为认识旅游—社区互动机理,以人类生态学中人类社会组织与生物种群具有相似性的思想为切入点,用生态学中的生态位理论、物种入侵理论等为理论基础,解读古村落社区中因旅游种群入侵而引发的空间社会秩序重组过程。研究认为,"旅游—古村落"空间社会过程可解读为:旅游种群入侵到古村落社区,与社区种群发生生态位重叠;在生态学竞争排斥法则作用下,社区种群被旅游种群挤出古村落核心区,而在古村落社区边缘重新安家,旅游种群继替社区种群迁出后留下的生态位空间;最终,古村落社区以宗祠为中心的宗法型空间重组为古村落旅游核心区、官川新区、政务新区等构成的旅游化空间格局。

For understanding the mechanism of interaction between tourism and community, this paper deduce the Human Ecology ideology from urban community to ancient village tourism community, take the Human Ecology idea that Human social organization follow the same rule with the Biological populations as the breakthrough point, Using the Ecological Niche theory, Species Invasion theory and law of community competition as the theoretical foundation, to interpretate and analyze the spatial and social process that is undergoing in the ancient village tourism community. Research show that： the ＂tourism-ancient villages＂ social process can be interpreted as follows, Tourism Populations invade into the Ancient Village, Tourism populations have niche overlaps with the Community populations; The Community populations is squeezed out by the Tourism populations from core area of the ancient village and relocate on the edge of the ancient village Community system, Tourism Populations supersede the niche space left by the Community populations; As a result, patriarchal clan social space is recombined to the new spatial pattern and spatial order that is Composed of Ancient Village tourism core area, Guanchuan New zone and New Government.