大熊猫主食竹拐棍竹地下茎侧芽的数量特征研究

A Study on the Quantative Attributes of Lateral Buds on Rhizomes of Fargesia robusta, Giant Panda′s Staple Food Bamboo

研究了卧龙自然保护区大熊猫栖息地内拐棍竹地下茎侧芽的数量特征。调查结果表明:拐棍竹地下茎秆基上的侧芽有壮芽、弱芽和死芽3种不同类型;侧芽一般分布在1～15年生的秆基上,每段秆基具1～4(6)个发育侧芽,1～2(3)个壮芽可发育为竹的地上地下部分;5、6、7年生三个年龄段地下茎上的侧芽所占比例最高,其前后均开始递减,成正态分布;壮芽一般着生于1～7年生地下茎秆基上,7年生以上地下茎的秆基上极少或无壮芽,弱芽在1～15年生地下茎秆基上都有着生,死芽出现在3年生及以上地下茎秆基上;根据拐棍竹地下茎生长特性和营养生长周期预测拐棍竹在2014年可能会大面积开花,届时大熊猫将遭遇食物危机。

The quantative attributes of lateral buds on rhizomes of Fargesia robusta were studied in pandas＇ habitat of Wolong Natural Reserve. The results showed that there were three types of lateral buds, i.e. robust, weak and dead buds, on the rhizomes of Fargesia robusta. The lateral buds usually distributed on the stem base of 1 - 15-year-old rhizomes, and there developed 1 - 4 （ 6 ） lateral buds on each stem base, of which 1-2 （3） robust buds may develop into bamboo＇s aboveground and underground systems. The number of lateral buds is normally distributed on rhizomes of different age and most of them were concentrated on 5 -7-year-old rhizomes. The robust buds usually distributed on 1 -7-year-old stem base of rhizomes, there were fewer or no robust buds on other stem base of rhizomes. The weak buds distributed on 1 -15-year-old stem bases, dead buds on ≥ 3-year-old stem bases. It is prognosticated that the next round large scale blossoming of Fargesia robusta probably will happen in 2014, and the giant pandas may encounter food crisis at that time.