儿童变应性鼻炎引起中耳病变及对中耳听力功能影响的临床研究

Clinical study of children with middle ear disease and effect of middle ear on hearing function caused by allergic rhinitis

目的 研究儿童变应性鼻炎引起中耳咽鼓管及鼓膜的病变情况,并探讨其对中耳传音功能的影响.方法 选择2012年1～12月来济南军区总医院（以下简称“我院”）就诊的变应性鼻炎患儿80例（160耳）为观察组,同期来我院进行体检的无变应性鼻炎儿童80例（160耳）为对照组.对所有研究对象进行耳镜、鼻内镜检查,同时对其进行纯音测听、声阻抗检查.结果 观察组患儿咽鼓管咽口发病率为38.8％,鼓膜发病率为20.0％,中耳传导性听力减退发生率为36.9％,与对照组儿童比较（3.8％、3.1％、6.9％）差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 儿童变应性鼻炎往往引起中耳中咽鼓管及鼓膜的病变,也会导致中耳听力功能的减退,因此,在临床上要注意对变应性鼻炎患儿做好咽鼓管、鼓膜病变及中耳听力减退方面的检查及防护工作.

Objective To research pathological changes of the eustachian tube and middle ear tympanic membrane caused by allergic rhinitis in children, and to explore its effect on middle ear conduction function. Methods 80 cases （160 ears） ehildren with allergic rhinitis visited in the General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area （＂our hospital＂ tot short） from January to December 2012 were selected, as the observation group. 80 cases （160 ears） children without al- lergic rhinitis accepted medical examination in our hopital were selected meanwhile, as control group. Endoscopy, nasal endoscopy were given to the two groups, and pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance tests were given. Results Pharyngeal ostium of eustachian tube incidence rate was 38.8%, the incidence rate was 20.0% in middle ear tympanic membrane, conductive hearing loss rate was 36.9% in the observation group, compared with control group（3.8%, 3.1%, 6.9%）, there were statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Allergic rhinitis in children can cause eustachian tube and tympanic membrane in the middle ear disease, and lead to a decrease in the middle ear hearing function. Therefore, in clinic, medical workers should pay attention to the allergic rhinitis children, and do examination and protective work well in the eustachian tube, tympanic membrane lesions and middle ear hearing decline.