从信念伦理到责任伦理——论现代社会师德教育转型

From Ethics of Conviction to Ethics of Responsibility——On the Transformation of Teachers' Moral Education in Modern Society

师德问题是官方和民间都高度关注的重要话题。遵循马克斯·韦伯的理论思路,站在"价值中立"的立场用"信念伦理—责任伦理"理论理性地分析现代社会中的师德问题表明,现代社会的师德教育需要实现从信念伦理到责任伦理的理智化转型。师德教育仅仅依靠自上而下的"说服"和"宣传"是鲜有成效的,其关键在于科学系统的制度建设。首先,制度上要切实保障全体教师都能过上自尊、自主的物质生活和人文生活;其次,要用制度将教师的奉献和收益相关联,从而将行动与道德责任相关联;再次,制度上惩罚教师不宜用民意的道德审判,而要依据司法的公正处理。

The issue of teachers＇ morality has been highly concerned by both officials and folks. Following Max Weber＇s theory and standing on the ＂value-neutrality＂ position, we use the theory of ＂ethics of responsibility- ethics of responsibility＂ to analyze the issue of teachers＇ morality in the modern society. We hold that teachers＇ moral education needs to achieve the transformation from ethics of conviction to ethics of responsibility. Teachers＇ moral education merely relying on the top-down ＂persuasion＂ and ＂propaganda＂ is rarely effective. Ethics education system is the key of the scientific system construction. First, system will guarantee effectively that all teachers can live both material and cultural life of self-esteem and autonomy. Second, system will associate dedication of teachers with their income, so moral responsibility will be associated with behavior. Third, punishing teachers should not use the moral judgment of public opinion, but should be based on the judicial justice.