成都市农村环境卫生调查与分析

Rural Sanitation of Chengdu

目的了解成都市农村环境卫生状况,为改善农村环境提供依据。方法于2011-07/08分层随机抽取成都市3个县,15个乡镇,60个行政村300户农户进行农村环境卫生学调查并采集土壤样品进行检测。结果成都市农村无害化卫生厕所覆盖率56.2%;生活污水经处理后排放比例为28.3%,有41.7%的生活污水直接排入河流;86.0%的农户住房周围有病媒生物孳生地;农户厨房及周围病媒生物密度均远高于病媒生物控制标准;土壤中活蛔虫卵检出率43.3%;土壤中铅、镉分别有85.0%和63.3%的样点超过国家土壤环境质量标准1级水平,其中镉有28.3%的样点超过2级标准。结论成都市农村生活污水和粪便无害化处理率较低,农户住房周围病媒生物孳生地比例较高,土壤中铅、镉含量较高。

Objective To understand the rural sanitation status in Chengdu so as to provide scientific basis for improving the rural environment. Methods Stratified random sampling methods were applied on 3 counties, 15 townships, 60 administrative villages giene and soil samples were collected , and 300 households were investigated with aspects of environmental hyfor testing. Results The coverage rate of Chengdu rural sanitary toilet was 56. 17% ; life treated sewage discharge ratio river; 86% households housing got vector b was 28.3% and 41.7% of the sewage directly discharged into the reeding density was much higher than that of vector control sites around; household kitchen and surrounding vectors standard; the detection rate of live roundworm ova was 43.3%. There were 85% and 63.3% soil samples exceeded the national standard of soil environmental quality at 1 level with lead, cadmium respectively, in which 28.3 % cadmium samples exceeded the level 2 standard.Conclusion The rural domestic sewage and waste harmless treatment rate is relatively low; farmer household surroundings with vector breeding ground takes a great proportion; the content of lead, cadmium in soil is relatively high.