情绪调节与自控能力对足球运动员决策的影响

Effect of Emotion Regulation and Self-control on Decision-making of Soccer Players

以风险即情绪模型(Loewenstein,2001)、情绪调节过程模型(Gross,2002)和自控损耗理论(Baumeister,et al,1998)为基础,采用自编的足球运动员决策系统,通过两个系列研究讨论了情绪调节方式及自控能力与足球运动员决策的关系。研究一采用情绪调节方式(5)×决策类型(2)混合设计,运用不同情绪调节方式对负性情绪进行调节,探讨不同情绪调节方式(评价忽视、评价重视、表情抑制、表情宣泄与简单观看)对足球运动员决策质量的影响。53名足球专项大学生参与实验,平均年龄(21.27±3.00)岁。结果表明不同的情绪调节方式会影响足球运动员的决策正确率:评价忽视组的决策正确率显著高于表情抑制组、表情宣泄组和简单观看组。研究二应用研究一筛选出的对于负性情绪应对最为有效的调节方式(评价忽视),进一步探索该情绪调节方式的效果是否受到运动员的自控能力的影响。实验设计为自控能力(2)×决策类型(2)混合设计,18名足球专项大学生参与实验,平均年龄(23.11±2.74)岁。结果表明情绪调节的效果受到足球运动员自控能力的影响:1)高自控能力足球运动员的决策正确率显著高于低自控能力的足球运动员;2)自控能力在决策类型对足球运动员决策的影响中起调节作用。

Based on the risk-as-feelings model （Loewenstein, 2001 ）, the process model of emotion regulation （Gross, 2002） and the self-control depletion theory （Baumeister, et al, 1998）, two serial studies were designed to examine the correlations among emotion regulation, self-control and decision making of soccer players with the help of soccer players decision making test system. Study 1 adopted emotion regulation strategies （5） x decision making task （2） mixed-design experiment, and utilized emotion regulation strategies to regulate negative emotion to discuss the influence of emotion regulation strategies （ reappraisal, rumination, expressive suppression, expres- sive revealing） on the quality of decision making of soccer players. 53 college soccer players participated into the experiment, the average age was 21.27 ± 3.00. The results suggested that the decision making accuracy of the re-appraisal group was significantly higher than that of the expressive suppression, expressive revealing and control groups. Study 2 adopted self-control ability （2） × decision-making task （2） mixed-design and tried to explore whether the self-control ability could influence the effect of the reappraisal strategy under the negative emotion. 18 college soccer players participated into the experiment, the average age was 23.11 ± 2.74. The results suggested that the effect of the emotion regulation strategy was influenced by the self-control ability ： 1 ） The decision making accuracy of soccer players with high self-control ability was significantly higher than those with low self-control a-bility; 2） Self-control ability moderated the relationship between decision making task and the quality of decision making.