体力活动与阿尔茨海默病

Physical Activities and Alzheimer's Disease

为了进一步认识体力活动对阿尔茨海默病(AD)的作用,对近年的相关研究进行综述与分析。结果表明,适当运动能够像预防心血管疾病那样预防和延缓AD的发生发展进程。降低AD患者跌倒风险,增加独立生活能力,且改善程度与体力活动水平成正相关。主要作用机制有改善脑部血液循环、延缓大脑萎缩甚至增加大脑海马回体积、促进神经细胞和突触的发生发展,减少β淀粉样蛋白肽沉积及神经原纤维缠结的形成。影响认知功能衰退或预防痴呆的体力活动量较低,每周150 min中等强度的运动对AD有确切地预防和缓解作用,可采用有氧运动、力量练习等多种运动形式。增加生活中的体力活动和社会交往有明确的缓解作用。探讨预防和缓解AD的最佳运动方式和最小有效运动量,对促进体力活动、预防阿尔茨海默病的发生发展有较重要的意义。

In order to further recognize the effect of physical activities on Alzheimer＇s disease,this paper reviews the researches published in recent years.The results show that proper physical activities can prevent and slow down the course of AD as well as cardiovascular disease.Moreover,physical activities may reduce fall risks and increase activities of daily living in patients with AD.The improvement of patient is correlated with physical activity level.The major mechanisms underlie the positive effects of exercise on cognitive faction includes improving brain blood flow,reducing brain tissue loss and even increasing size of hippocampus,cell proliferation and neurogenesis,decreasing amyloid-β accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles.The threshold of intensity that reduces the risk of cognitive decline and dementia is probably low.Engaging in moderate-intensity exercise such as aerobic exercise and resistance exercise 150 min pre-week has clear effect on preventing and slowing down the course of AD.Increasing social interaction during exercise has significant positive effect on patient with AD.Future research should focus on developing specific exercise programs that will best postpone or reduce the risk of AD,or slow down disease progression.This research is important in promoting physical activity and preventing the course of AD.