不同斜坡训练模式效果比较的实证研究

Comparative Empirical Study about Training Effects among the Different Slope Training Modes

目的:通过对不同斜坡训练模式效果进行实证,意在寻求最佳斜坡超速训练方法,并揭示其相应的生物力学机制。方法:参与本次实验对象训练前均未进行过专门的短跑训练,受试者被随机均分成5组,实验时间为8周,并对训练前后进行运动学、生理学等相关指标测试。结果与结论:上-下坡、下坡及水平训练都能提升最大速度、加快步频、缩短单步时间,而单步时间缩短是通过缩短支撑时间实现的,腾空时间几乎不变,支撑时间的缩短又是通过缩短蹬伸时间而缓冲时间几乎没变;上-下坡及下坡训练法能显著提升6 s最大无氧功率,但上-下坡训练法是唯一能明显缩短受试者达到最大无氧功率的耗时,因而对提升最大跑速最有利,而最大跑速与短跑成绩呈显著正相关;上-下坡训练法对提高受试者最大跑速及相关运动学参量比其它方法更有效,短距离运动项目要想提升最大跑速,建议使用这个方法。

Objective： Different slopes training effect have been proved through experiment in order to seek optimal slope speeding training methods,and reveal the relevant biomechanical mechanism.Methods： All experiment objects taking part in this training were not received professional sprint training.They were randomly divided into 5 groups,experimental time was 8 weeks.The kinematics and physiology index before and after training was tested.Results and conclusion： uphill-downhill,downhill and level training can enhance the maximum speed,increase the pace frequency,shorten the step time.The step time＇shortening was achieved by shortening supporting time and flight time is almost constant.Supporting time＇shortening was finished by shortening the stretch of time and buffer time was almost the same.Uphill-downhill training can significantly improve 6 s maximal anaerobic power,but,downhill training method was the only way to shorten the time reaching maximum anaerobic power,thus it is the most advantageous method to enhance the maximum running speed,and maximum running speed and sprint results showed significant positive correlation.Uphill-downhill training method has more effective than other methods to improve the subjects’maximal running velocity and related kinematics parameter.Therefore,the method is recommended to be adopted to improve the maximum running speed of short distance events.