科举停废后的私塾改良

Private School Reforms after the Abolition of the Imperial Civil Service Examination System

科举停废后,中国政府和教育家发起现代教育改革对乡村实施义务教育。由于中国传统的教育与新式学校教育格格不入,实行新式学校教育造成了地方及学生家长的财政负担过重,新式学校教育难以得到地方民众的支持等多种原因,中国政府的教育现代化的努力遭到地方的抵制。在中国许多地方,改革者的目标没有达到,许多地方没有建立新式学校,家长仍希望和选择送子女去私垫,在相当程度上,地方上的私塾继续以传统的方式运作。为了适应地方上的教育传统及实际经济情况,为了推行改革运动,地方当局和改革的倡导者对地方私垫进行了调整和改良。其结果经常是传统与现代元素相结合的混合机构。

After the abolition of the imperial examination system, Chinese governments implemented edu- cational reforms that included the introduction of compulsory education in rural areas. Due to many factors such as the incompatibility of China＇s traditional and new - style education, the financial burdens the new schools imposed on local families, and the difficulty the new schools therefore had in winning mass support, the modernization efforts encountered considerable local resistance. In many communities the reformers failed to meet their objectives as families still chose to send their children to traditional private schools （sishu）. Nev- ertheless, to a considerable degree local authorities and schooling. Generally speaking, they did so by adjusting retain some of their traditional character. The result was bined elements of tradition with elements of modernity reform leaders were successful in promoting modern the new schools to local realities, permitting them to often hybrid institutions （reformed sishu） that corn-