劳动权的宪法释义及其救济机制研究

Constitutional Interpretation of Labor Rights and the Relief Mechanism

宪法视阈下的劳动权是指宪法规定的有关取得和选择工作的权利及获取劳动报酬的权利,它是一项综合性权利,由择业自由权与就业援助权为核心要素构成的一系列权利束。劳动权兼具自由权和社会权双重属性,它应受到宪法合理的限制。劳动权与公权力、私权利存在冲突,应通过比例原则与平等原则、倾斜原则与协调原则调适。宪法视阈下的劳动权具有可诉性,建立宪法主导下的法律保障体系,同时借鉴域外立法构建包括公益诉讼制度在内的司法救济和宪法救济模式,以确保劳动权的实现。

Labor rights in the view of the Constitution mean that, stipulated by the Constitution, lahorers are entitled to the rights to get or select work and get payment. Labor rights are comprehensive for consisting of a series of rights with two core elements： right of free occupation selection and right of employment assistance. Owing to the dual properties, being a freedom right as well as a social right, labor rights shouht be subject to reasonable restrietions in the Constitution. Labor rights have conflicts with public power or other private rights, and the Mlowing principles may be applied for resolution： proportion principle, equality principle, coordination principle and tilt principle. From the perspective of the Constitution, labor rights are litigable, and the realization can be ensured by establishing a constitution-dominated legal system, as well as the modes of judicial relief and constitutional relief.