烟台口岸入境可再生废旧物品卫生学调查及加工场所气溶胶微生物污染状况研究

Preliminary Study on Microorganisms Carried by Imported Recyclable Materials and Aerosol at Sorting Places

[目的]调查研究烟台入境可再生废物进口数量、携带微生物状况及再加工场所气溶胶微生物污染状况。[方法]参照《消毒技术规范》用5cm×5cm规格板标出采样区,以沾有无菌生理盐水的灭菌棉拭子采样,采增菌液增菌、平板分离培养、生化免疫鉴定等方法对样品进行检测。[结果]入境废旧物品样品检测168份样品,携带细菌总数平均为4628.86 cfu/cm2,大肠菌群平均为495.08 cfu/cm2;样品中检出绿脓杆菌等十余种致病菌、条件致病菌。在入境废旧塑料再加工工厂分拣场所气溶胶中,检出包括肺炎链球菌在内的三十余种细菌。[结论]入境再生废旧物品受到不同程度的微生物污染,虽然没有国家或行业标准对进口废旧物品微生物污染程度的限制,仍需要加强对从业人员的防护。

The present study was undertaken to investigate microbiological status carried by imported recyclable waste at YanTai port. Total numbers of bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella of samples were detected by test paper disc method, and the pathogens detection, with bacterial pathogens detection kit, rapid immunochromatography assay, rapid colloidal gold assay and automated microbial analysis system. The average value of bacteria total counts is 4628.86 cfu/cm2, average value of Escherichia coli count is 495.08 cfu/cm2. Pathogens, conditioned and non- pathogenic bacteria detected in 168 samples included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas sobria, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Francisella tularensis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Gemella morbillorum, Shigella, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Erysipelothrix rhusiopahiae. Thirty kinds of bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected in aerosol at sorting places in the reprocessing plant. There exists no Industry standards or National standards to limit the degree of microbial contamination in imported recyclable waste. The effectsof imported recyclable wastes on the health of practitioners and the environment needs luther study.