5Remolds WJ. Scott B. Empathy :a crucial component of the helping relationship [ J ]. J Psychiatr Meat Health Nuts. 1999, (6) :363 -370.
6Egnew T R, Schaad D C. Medical train perceptions of medical school education about suffering: a pilot study [ J ]. J Palliat Med, 2009, 12 (10) : 929 - 935.
7Hojat. Empathy in Patient Care [ M ]. New York: Springer, 2007 : 14 - 15.
8Brazeau C M, Schroeder R, Rovi S , et 81. Rela- tionships between medical student burnout, empa- thy, and professionalism climate [ J ]. Academic Medicine, 2010, 85(10): 33- 36.
9Ward J , Schaal M, Sullivan J, et al. Reliability an dvalidity of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in undergraduate nursing students [ J ]. Journal of Nursing Meas, 2009, 17(1) : 73 - 88.