贸易自由化与产业集聚:经济地理视角的理论解析

Trade Integration Costs and Industrial Concentration: A Theoretical Study from Economic Geography

笔者通过理论模型分析了不同发达程度国家间的贸易自由化政策对产业集聚分布的影响。结果发现影响出口和进口成本的贸易自由化过程主要取决于发达国家及发展中国家具体采取的贸易政策:当自由化进程中的贸易政策使得更多种类的出口生产企业集聚于发达国家,那么两国的经济增长率会得到改善,贫富差距缩小;自由化政策若使得更多的生产企业集聚于发展中国家,则整个社会的经济增长率将下降,但发展中国家的福利会得到改善,与发达国家的贫富差距会缩小。

This paper analyzes the effects of trade integration of two countries on industrial location and economic growth through a the oretical model. The conclusions reached finally depend both on whether the import or the export costs are affected by the trade policies on which the integration process is based and on whether the developed or the developing country introduces them. In general, when in tegration leads to an increase of industrial concentration in the developed country, the growth rate increases and welfare improves in both countries. If integration means that industry moves to the developing country, the growth rate decreases. In this case the develo ping country can also improve its welfare.