论杜威的经验哲学与经验课程哲学

Dewey's Philosophy of Experience and Philosophy of Experiential Curriculum

杜威用整体哲学来看待经验,反对传统的二元论哲学将原本完整的世界划分为实体与现象、身与心、感性与理性、主观与客观、经验与自然等相互对立的两个方面。杜威认为在这种分离和割裂的二元论哲学中,"经验"一词的内涵被严重误解。他认为经验既是在自然之内的,也是关于自然的;经验是人与环境交互作用的过程与结果;经验就是生活;经验就是生命活动;经验是内在地联系着的;经验是指向未来的,它蕴含着自我生长、自我更新的力量。一切教育来自经验。教育的作用是扩展有益的经验,改造有害的经验,从而促进儿童的生长。课程应按照儿童生长的自然进程,遵循儿童获得经验的规律,以帮助儿童获得有益于生长的经验。

John Dewey holds a holistic view of experience.He finds that the connotation of the word éxperience＇ is misunderstood badly in dualism.He believes that experience is within nature as well as about nature;experience is not only the process but also the result of the interaction between man and environment;experience is life itself;experience is life activity;experience is intrinsically linked within itself;experience points to the future,which contains self-growth and self-renewing force as well.The role of education is to extend the useful experience,so as to promote the growth of children.Curriculum should react in accordance with the natural processes of children＇s growth,and follow the law of children＇s gaining experience,so as to help children get the experience which is beneficial to their growth.