西方心理学若干历史发展模式的审视与省思

A Theoretical Observation of and Reflection on Some Development Patterns of Western Psychology

关于心理学作为科学的观念普遍兴起于19世纪下半叶,并构成现代意义上的心理学区别于以往的心理学的根本标志;现代西方心理学及其历史的各片段,都是尝试实现这个必然观念的偶然的历史形式。但一方面,关于心理学作为科学的观念的范畴含义并非一开始就是既定的和明确的,而是心理学的历史的目的;另一方面,现代西方心理学及其历史的各片段作为追求实现这个观念的偶然形式亦非等价地有效的,它们构成了从对这个观念的异化到对这个观念的实现两个极之间的连续谱。通过考察西方心理学中若干典型的历史片段,我们得以洞察其中呈现出的普遍的历史发展模式及其对关于心理学作为科学的观念的指向性意义。这是我们据以理解关于心理学作为科学的观念的范畴含义的有效路径之一。

The idea of psychology as a science emerged during the mid-nineteenth century and has ever been the fundamental landmark by which psychology in the modern sense differs from all of its past forms.The history and its diversified episodes of modern psychology are all contingent forms trying to actualize the necessary idea of psychology as a science.However,on the one hand,the categorical meaning of the idea of psychology as a science is not definite and unequivocal from its inception,the clarification of which,rather,is the aim of the history of modern psychology;on the other hand,the diversified historical episodes of modern psychology are not logically equivalent when viewed from the perspective of attempts to actualize the idea of psychology as a science.Rather,they form a continuum between the two poles of alienation and actualization.By investigating some typical historical episodes of modern psychology,we will discern a general and logically identical developmental pattern in all of them,getting a theoretical insight concerning its indicative significance for the idea of psychology as a science.This,therefore,proves to be one of the most potent ways for our understanding of the categorical meanings behind the idea of psychology as a science.