经济学的稀缺性与马克思的丰裕社会理论

Scarcity in Economics and Prosperous Society in Marxist Theory

马克思所说的共产主义的丰裕是明确限定目的性的相对丰裕,而不是排斥任何形式资源稀缺性的绝对丰裕。西方经济学家从稀缺性出发对马克思的批评是无的放矢。马克思认为物质生产对于人类而言永远是必然王国,未来的自由王国只能建立在这个必然王国的彼岸。未来社会中人的劳动时间的稀缺性将会消失,劳动生产率的提高以及劳动的社会性质的变化,会最终克服劳动与自由时间的对立,使得劳动时间的稀缺性这一历史的产物,转化为自由时间的稀缺性。

Prosperity suggested by Marx refers to a relative prosperity with clearly defined objectives. It does not mean absolute prosperity that rejects scarcity of any kind. Criticism of scarcity from economists against Marx is not well grounded. Marx maintains that production of materials is always a realm of necessity for mankind. And it is based on the realm of necessity that man will arrive at the realm of freedom in the future. At that time scarcity of time for labor will disappear. A higher efficiency of labor and changes in the social character of labor will solve the problem of the contradiction between labor and free time. The historic concept of scarcity of time for labor, then, will evolve into scarcity of free time.