海岸带的脱氮过程研究进展

The Research Progress of Denitrification in the Coastal Zone

人类活动产生大量含氮化合物经河流进入海岸带,造成海岸带水体富营养化等问题。海岸带的氮循环是全球氮循环的重要一环,其中反硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用均是将活性氮转化为惰性氮回到大气这个氮源,因此两者均被称为脱氮作用。脱氮过程将累积在海岸带的活性氮转化为氮气回到大气中,对改善海岸带环境起着重要作用。海岸带的脱氮作用主要发生在沉积物中,且以反硝化作用为主。15N同位素对技术是测定脱氮速率最常用的方法,它可以同时测定反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率,但是在应用的过程中需注意同位素分馏效应的影响。

There＇re a large amount of nitrogenous compounds produced by human activity which gets into the coastal zone through rivers. The nitrogen cycle in coastal zone is an important part of the global nitrogen cycle, the denitrification and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation （Anammox） convert reactive nitrogen back to the atmosphere, so both are called denitrification. Denitrification converts the reactive nitrogen which is accumulated in the coastal zone into inert nitrogen back into the atmosphere, so it plays an important role to improve the environment of coastal zone. Denitrification mainly occurred in the sediment in the coastal zone. ^15SN isotope pairing technique is the most commonly used method in determination of nitrogen rate, because it can simultaneously determine the rate of denitrification and Anammox, but the effect of isotope fractionation should be taken into account.