美国后备军官训练团人才培养模式分析及启示

The Analysis and Enlightenment on the Personnel Training Mode of the U. S. ROTC

自1862年美国的莫利尔法案(The Morrill Act)提出后备军官训练团这一概念后,美国便走上了利用国民教育资源培育后备军官之路。经过近一个世纪的发展,美国后备军官训练团在法律制度建设、人员构成和管理体系、考核奖惩机制以及培养方式方法等方面都取得了明显成绩,基本上形成了一套具有美军特色的教育管理体系。积极探索和认真研究美军后备军官训练团培养人才模式,总结其先进经验,对促进我国国防生培养工作法制化建设、生源渠道与管理体系建设、考核奖惩机制建设以及国防生军政训练等方面具有重要意义。

Since the Morrill Act put forward the concept of Reserve Officers Training Corps in 1862 ,the United States began the way of using national education resources to strengthen the construction of military personnel. After nearly a century＇ s development, the U. S. ROTC have achieved remarkable results in the legal system construction, staff composition and management system, reward and punishment system and specific training methods of these four aspects. It had been formed basically a set of educational management system with American characteristics. TO explore and study the U.S. ROTC＇ s personnel training mode actively and summarize the ad- vanced experience is very important for the National defense education in our country, especially in the legal system construction, student sources and management system, reward and punishment mechanism and military training.