基于LCA方法评价多晶硅片生产的环境影响

Environmental Impact Assessment on Multicrystalline Wafer Production Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method

多晶硅片制造是光伏产品生命周期过程中能耗及环境影响较大的环节之一。以四川某硅片企业一期(国内普遍水平)和二期(国内较先进水平)的实际生产数据为例,运用生命周期评价方法的分类、特征化、量化处理方法,定量计算单位多晶硅片生产的环境影响,计算结果显示:国内较先进水平比普遍水平提高了资源、能源的利用率,减少了污染物的环境排放,尤其表现在粉尘排放量、酸化潜值、全球变暖值和臭氧消耗潜值方面;并提出国内多晶硅片企业节能减排方法技术方法为利用清洁能源,提高循环水利用率,改进铸锭工艺,增大晶锭中晶粒的尺寸,改用环境污染物排放较少的硅片清洗原料。

Multicrystalline wafer production is a part of photovoltaic products＇ life cycle which costs more energy and has a greater environmental impact.Take an enterprise in Sichuan as an example,bases on the actual production data of two periods respectively with domestic general level and advanced level,the environmental effect of multicrystalline wafer production can be quantitatively calculated by using LCA method which includes classification,characterization,and quantization.The results show that,the domestic advanced level has a higher utilization of resources and energy compared to the general level,and it reduces emissions of pollutants,especially in dust emissions,acidification potentials,global warming potentials and ozone depletion potentials.The methods of energy conservation of domestic multicrystalline wafer enterprises are using clean energy,improving the utilization of circulating water and ingot process,increasing the grain size in the ingot,as well as using clean materials which has less environmental pollutant emissions.