日光温室甜樱桃早期丰产栽培技术研究

Cultivation Techniques for Early and High Yield of Sweet Cherry in Greenhouse

在日光温室栽培条件下,以甜樱桃品种红玛瑙为主要试材,研究了其早期丰产栽培相关技术。结果表明,以0～7.2℃模式计算,红玛瑙的需冷量为356.0～428.5 h;在沙壤土条件下,红玛瑙幼树高湿处理(即保持土壤含水量80%～100%)和高氮处理(在保证基本施肥水平下,提供充足的氮肥)均能提高幼树的生长量,促进树体的快速成形;环剥与环割可显著抑制大枝旺长,摘心、扭梢可显著提高当年生枝条的成花率;喷布15%多效唑200倍液能有效地促进花芽形成,提高早期产量;花期如果天气晴好,蜜蜂自然授粉完全可以代替人工授粉。

Key techniques of early and high yield for Hongmanao sweet cherry in greenhouses were studied. The results go as follows. The chilling requirement of Hongrnanao under the model of 0 - 7.2 ℃ was 356 - 428.5 h; The growth and shaping of young trees in sandy loam soils could be promoted if there was high water content （ 80% - 100% ） in the soil and high nitrogen fertilizer. Girdling and ringing could greatly inhibit the growth of big branches. Flowering rate of the annual shoots could be greatly improved if pinching and shoot wresting were adopted. Proper application of 200-fold 15% PP333 could promote the formation of flower buds and improve the ear- ly yield. In sunny days, purely apiarian pollination could totally replace artificial pollination.