伦理规范与集体信念?——制度性事实视域中伦理规范的“事实性”与“规范性”

Ethical Norms and Collective Beliefs——The “Factivity” and “Normativity” of Ethical Norms from the Perspective of Institutional Facts

伦理规范与信念之间的关系不同于原始事实与信念的关系,这根源于伦理规范作为制度性事实的本体论特征。塞尔的制度性事实理论和图梅勒的集体接受理论说明,伦理规范与集体信念之间具有本质联系,集体信念是伦理规范的构成性条件,伦理规范的"事实性"及其"规范性"特征是以集体信念为基础,因而是"主体间性"(intersubjectivity)的。这一论题对伦理规范的基础以及现代性条件下伦理规范时代性问题的研究和思考具有重要理论意义。

The relationship between ethical norms and beliefs is different from that between brute facts and beliefs, which has its roots in the ontological characteristics of ethical norms as institutional facts. Searle＇s theory of institutional facts and Tuomela＇s of collective acceptance have showed us there are some essential relations between ethical norms and collective beliefs, and collective beliefs are the constructive factors of ethical norms. Therefore, the ＂factivity＂and the ＂normativity＂of ethical norms are based on collective beliefs, which thus are all characterized by ＂intersu＇bjectivity＇. This theoretical theme can be significant for the research and thinking about the issues pertaining to the foundations and modern conditions of ethical norms.