略谈词语的搭桥现象

Brief Discussion of Lexical Bridging

在训诂研究中,词语的搭桥现象是指没有同义关系的词语之间基于一个多义词或音变同源词构成了训释关系或同源系列。词语搭桥现象存在于词义训释和同源系联中。在词义训释中,被释词因与释词的一个义位相同而得以训释另一个义位,这归因于古人不同的字观念。在同源系联中,不同的词由于源于一词的不同义位而构成同源系列,各词有不同的语源义特征。确认同源系联中的搭桥现象需要辨别相关义位是否源自一词,排除同形词、字的双本义和假借用法形成的搭桥假象。词义训释和同源系联在搭桥现象上存在一些不同。

In the exegetical study, lexical bridging refers to the homologous relationship between words with different meanings based on polysemic or phonologically cognate words. Lexical bridging occurs in both semantic explanation and cognate connection. In semantic explanation, one sememe of the target word is interpreted according to a similar sememe of the source word, which attributes to ancient peoples＇ different lexical connotations. In cognate connection, different words form a cognate series because of different sememes derived from the same word, showing different cognate semantic features. Specification of bridging in cognate connection of words requires identifying whether the related sememes are derived from the same word, and excluding false bridging from double- sememe homographs, or phonetic loan usage.