气管切开患者不同气道内湿化护理方法效果观察

Patients with tracheotomy airway humidification of different nursing effect observation

目的观察气管切开患者气道内湿化不同护理方法的临床疗效。方法将我院2009年1月—2012年9月住院治疗的60例气管切开患者按照住院先后顺序分为观察组和对照组两组,每组患者各30例,两组气管切开患者气道内湿化采用不用护理方法,对照组30例采用间断滴注及氧气雾化;观察组30例采用气道内持续恒温湿化,比较2组患者的痰液粘稠度和湿化效果。结果 2组患者痰液粘稠度比较,观察组低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.01),观察组痰栓形成、气道黏膜出血、刺激性咳嗽的发生情况明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论气管切开术可防止或迅速解除呼吸道梗阻,减少呼吸道解剖死腔的50%,增强有效通气量,也便于吸痰、使用机械通气、气管内滴药等,持续恒温气道湿化可降低痰液黏稠度,减少不良反应,符合人体生理需要,气道湿化效果好,安全性高、并发症少、增强舒适感等。

Objective Clinical efficacy in patients with airway humidification of different ways of nursing of tracheotomy. Methods In our hospital in 2009 January - 2012 September 60 cases of hospitalized patients with tracheal incision in treatment in hospital were divided into observation group and control group two groups, with 30 cases in each group, the patient＇s airway humidification by don＇t care methods two groups of incision of trachea, 30 cases in the control group using intermittent infusion and oxygen atomization; 30 cases of observation group with continuous airway humidification temperature, compared 2 groups of patients with sputum viscosity and humidification effect. Results Compared 2 groups of patients with sputum viscosity consistency, the observation group than in the control group, there is significant difference （P〈0.01）, occurred in observation group sputum bolt formation, airway mucosal bleeding, irritating cough was significantly lower than that of the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Tracheotomy can prevent or relieve the airway obstruction, reduce respiratory anatomical dead space 50%, enhance the effective ventilation, also facilitate sputum aspiration, mechanical ventilation, endotracheal instillation, continuous constant temperature of airway humidification can reduce sputum viscosity, reduce adverse reaction, accord with human body physiological needs, airway humidification effect, high safety, less complications, improve the comfortable feeling.