历史可以轻易假设吗?——中学历史教学中“假设方法”运用刍议

Can History Be Arbitrarily Hypothesized?——Exploring the Application of the Method of Hypothesis in History Teaching in High Schools

目前中学历史教学中大量使用"假设"教学方法,出现了一些问题和谬误,但相关研究却比较薄弱。文章对此展开了假设方法在应用层面的探索性研究。通过对中学历史教学中"假设"方法构建原则的确定,初步探索了"假设"方法合理与否的评价标准,归纳出不当假设主要表现为:违背科学性、教育性,与促进学生正确发展不相符的假设;"假设"及其论证所基于的材料不科学的假设;违反历史唯物主义观点的假设;缺乏目的性,得不出有效结论之假设;缺乏对学生学习需求、兴趣的考虑,距离学生生活体验太远的假设;道德、情感或价值观引导出现偏差的假设;等等。通过例证和分析,对常见不当假设进行了反思,并就"假设"方法运用过程中的难题提出了建设性的解决思路。

At present, ＂hypothesis＂ teaching method were often used in middle school history teaching, but many problems and mistakes appeared.At the same time,there is not enough relevant research. Therefore,thls article is aimed at exploring the studies about the application ＂hypothesis＂ method in teaching. Based on the confirmation of the construction principles of ＂hypothesis＂ in middle sohool history teaching, the paper explores the reasonability of the evaluation standard about hypothesis method. Then,improper hypothesis include：the ones which are not scientific,lack of educational fimction and therefore will not promote the students＇ development; the ones which are based on unscientific conditions;the ones that violate the viewpoint of historical materialism;the ones which do not have specific aims and therefore unable to draw effective conclusion;the ones which ignore the students＇ interest and needs and therefore are far away from the students＇ experience;the ones which will mislead students in moral, emotion and values;＇＂Through example illustration and analysis, the paper reflects some improper hypoth esis in teaching. At last, the paper puts forward some constructive dues for dealing with problems in the application of the method of hypothesis.