美国学前教育政策决策与执行模式述评

The Study on Mode of Decision-making and Implementation for Preschool Education in the United States

美国学前教育的决策与执行受多方面因素的影响而呈现多样化的特点,主要有三种模式:联邦政府层面的决策,以联邦政府决策为主、与州政府分享一定权力的决策,州政府层面的决策。各级政府间协调难度大,造成项目重复是美国学前教育决策与执行的最大问题。最近十年以来,为了解决当前学前教育项目出现的问题,联邦举措致力于协调现存的一系列的学前政策与法规,以保证联邦政府将有限的教育经费投入到对弱势群体幼儿的资助方面,从而促进全美学前教育的公平发展和多样性发展。

Tn the U. S,the decision making and implementation of preschool education showed diverse features due to the influence of va fions factors. There are three main modes：first,the federal government owns all the decision making power;second,federal government owns most of the decision making power while some state level decision making is allowed;third,decision making authority rests primarily at the state level. coordination at different levels of govenarnt is difficult and therefore the same programs are repeatedly constructed. It is now the biggest problems of the U. S.preschool education decision making and implementation.During the past decede,a series of the current pre school education policies,laws and regulations are coordinated by the federal government in order to deal with the problems in preschool educa tion programs and to ensure that the federal government＇ s investment in education win be limited to funding for disadvantaged children so as topromote the equity and diversity in prchool education.