龚自珍的“私”论探析

On Gong Zizhen's “the Private” Theory

龚自珍一反先公后私的传统,提出了"私"论,认为人皆有私,分别从认识论领域和伦理道德领域对传统公私观进行诘难。其主张在对传统道统的反击和对个人价值及个人意志的凸显等方面有着积极的意义,使得"公私之辨"具有强烈的时代气息和近代人文色彩,对"古今中西"之争及挽救时局和民族的命运都有着重大的意义。然而,由于多种因素的存在,龚自珍论私没有阐明什么是私,也没有论及私产生的原因和公私的相对性,使得龚自珍的私论有失严谨,对后世公私关系的正确走向产生一定的不利影响。

Gong Zizhen abandoned the tradition that the public interest is prior to personal interest, and proposed ＂the private＂ theory. He believed that everyone has ＂selfishness＂, and he criticized the traditional view of ＂the Public and the Private＂ respectively from the field of epistemology and ethics. His theory has positive influence on fighting back traditional Orthodoxy and gives prominence to the individual value and will, which endows the ＂Public - Private Distinction＂ a strong flavor of the times and modem human color. It is significant to understand the ＂ancient and modem＂, ＂Chinese and Western＂ debate and save the current political situation and national destiny. However, due to a variety of factors, Gong Zizhen＇ s ＂the private＂ theory did not clarify what is ＂pri- vate＂ on earth, and also did not address the causes of ＂private＂ or the relativity between ＂public＂and ＂private＂. This makes Gong Zizhen＇ s ＂the private＂ theory less precise, and exerts negative effects to the development of the ＂public＂ and＂ private＂ realationship for future generations.