1949年以来北京服务经济与城市空间转型

Transformation of Urban Spatial Structure under the Service Economy： A Case Study of Beijing

城市空间结构是城市经济结构和城市社会结构的空间投影，城市经济结构的变化必然促进城市空间结构的转型。1949年以后，几乎所有的中国城市都经历了由服务性城市向生产性城市的转型。改革开放以来，特别是1990年代的城市改革，城市在区域中的中心功能地位得到发挥，部分城市开始从生产性城市向服务性城市转型，服务经济快速增长，城市空间结构也经历了空间重组和功能转移。本文运用北京市1949-2010年第三产业各部门增加值数据和主要时段第三产业用地空间布局状况，特别注重1995年以来（第三产业产值占国民生产总值超过50％）金融业、批发零售业、信息产业、房地产业、租赁和商务服务业、科学技术服务业等服务经济部门发展带动下的城市空间结构变化，从产业链、产业支撑、产业融合和服务外包四种服务经济发展模式入手，分析服务经济作为城市空间结构转型的内在机制和空间演化趋势。

Urban spatial structure is the spatial projection of urban structure. Urban economic restructure will definitely promote the transformation of urban spatial strucmre. Since 1949, almost all Chinese cities have experienced their transformation from the service center to the productive center. Since China launched the policy of reform and opening up in 1978, especially after the urban reform in the 1990s, the city＇s role as a regional center has been consolidated. In addition, some cities have changed their urban functions from the productive center to the service center. With rapidly developed service economy, these cities have also experienced urban spatial retructure and urban function-shifting. This paper uses the statistics during 1949 to 2010, including the added value in all sections of tertiary industry in Beijing and the spatial layout of the tertiary industry, especially the urban spatial structure transformation since 1995 （when the output value of tertiary industry accounted for more than 50% of GDP）, which is led by the developmentof service economy, such as financial industry, retail and wholesale, information industry, real estate, leasing and business service industries, scientific research and technology services, etc. This paper also analyzes four development modes of service economy： industrial chain, industrial support, industrial integration, and service outsourcing. It also interprets the service economy as internal mechanism and spatial evolution trends for the transformation of urban spatial structure.