英雄倒地空扼腕,骑士精神不复存——莎翁对《伊利亚特》的反拨

Downfall of Heroes, Loss of Knighthood Values--A Contrast between Troilus and Cressida and Iliad

在荷马的《伊利亚特》中，“力拔山兮气盖世”的英雄们认同勇敢正直、光明磊落、为荣誉而战的骑士价值理念，积极面对命运的挑战，冒死抗争，从而成就了叱咤风云、惊天地泣鬼神的一代英雄；但在《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》中，莎翁对这一理念进行了反拨，人性的弱点如傲慢、猜忌和偏执导致了人性的堕落，骑士价值理念被无情摒弃，英雄轰然倒地，城池失陷，独留后人扼腕叹息。

Knighthood values such as aggressive and enterprising spirit advocated in Iliad have generated heroes of honor; while in Troilus and Cressida, those values have been abandoned. In the latter, the weaknesses of human nature such as arrogance, jealousy and crankiness lead to the loss of knight values and to the downfall of heroes, which brings about the fall of Troy and pity to the world.