错位与异化——海姆斯《孤独的征战》对劳动性别分工观念的反思

Dislocation and Alienation： The Reflection of the Concept of Gender Divisions of Labor in Himes＇s Lonely Crusade

根据传统劳动性别分工观念，男人在社会空间工作挣钱养家糊口、女人在家中做家务和抚养孩子似乎是天经地义的事情。然而在现实生活中，这种观念与家庭中两性实际工作状况经常发生错位。同时，受这种观念的影响，男性会把工作看得高于一切，看作是实现其性别角色期待和证明其男性气概的主要方式，结果被工作所异化。在切斯特·海姆斯的长篇小说《孤独的征战》中，主人公李·戈登正是因为盲目遵从了传统性别劳动分工观念，结果无法正确看待妻子的工作，无视她对家庭的正常运转所做出的贡献，甚至对她充满了敌意和嫉恨，结果让他与妻子之间的两性关系充满了张力。同时，由于对工作看得过重，李·戈登对自我价值的判定完全被其工作状况所操控，结果让自己的生命受到严重异化。对于当今人类男性气概的认知与实践而言，《孤独的征战》对传统劳动性别分工的观念的反思无疑有着重要的启示意义。

According to the traditional notion of gender divisions of labor, it is taken for granted that a man should work and earn money in society so as to support his family and a woman should do the housework and take care of children at home. Yet in reality, this notion is not often in line with the actual work situations in many families. At the same time, influenced by this notion, a man may uphold work above everything, regarding it as the main means to fulfill his gender role and prove his masculinity, thus being alienated by it. In Chester Himes＇s Lonely Cntsade, blindly following the traditional notion of gender divisions of labor, the hero Lee Gordon could not treat his wife＇s work squarely and fairly, could not recognize the contribution she has done for the normal running of their family. On the contrary, he looks at it with resentment and hatred, thus making their relationships full of tension. At the same time, because Gordon overvalues work, his self-evaluation is totally controlled by the situations of his work, thus making his life seriously alienated. As for the construction of contemporary human beings＇ cognition and practice of masculinity, the reflection of traditional notion of gender divisions of labor may prove to be of great value for reference.