传统粘蜡胶的研制及应用性能研究

A study of preparation and application of traditional rosin-wax adhesive

蜡胶是明清时期广泛用于镶嵌类文物粘接加固的胶粘剂,目前该种粘接剂已无处生产。本研究在查阅古代文献和专家访谈的基础上,熬制了不同组分配比的胶样,同文物上的粘蜡胶样进行红外光谱比对;并依照国家胶粘剂性能的检验标准,对新熬制的胶样进行粘接强度、剪切强度和抗冻融老化测试。该阶段结果显示,新研制的粘蜡胶与文物上粘蜡胶的红外光谱特征基本一致;新研制的粘蜡胶是松香、蜂蜡、油质物的混合物,其中松香∶蜂蜡=1.5∶1的胶样的粘接强度为1.77MPa,剪切强度为1.26MPa,经冻融老化循环后的粘接强度为1.87MPa,在正常室温条件下能够满足故宫博物院镶嵌类文物的粘接要求。

Various materials are involved in making inlaid cultural relics found in the Palace Museum. Inlay mate- rials include all sorts of materials- gems, such as jade, glass, ceramics, bamboo, ivory, horn, pearl, coral, amber, shells, etc. The base materials are usually hardwood, lacquer and noble metals. Most of the inlay objects were cemented using sticky wax glue which was probably the most widely used binding material during the Ming and Qing dynasties to make inlaid objects. However, production of this sort of adhesive has already ceased. In this research, adhesive materials with different ratios of components were made according to recipes in the ancient literature and the advice of experts. First, the infrared spectrum of the modern adhesive was compared with that of the adhesive from a cultural relic ; then the modern adhesive was tested for tensile - strength, shear strength and freeze -thaw resistance properties, in accordance with the national inspection standards of adhesive perform- ance. The results of this phase show that the infrared spectral features of the sample are basically the same as those of the old adhesive from a cultural relic. The old adhesive is mainly a mixture of pine resin, beeswax and some oleaginous substance. The tensile - strength of the modern adhesive, with a rosin to beeswax ratio of 1 to 1.5 is 1.77 MPa. The shear strength is 1.26 MPa. The tensile - strength after a freeze - thaw aging cycle is 1.87 MPa. All the results indicate that this sample can satisfy the adhesive requirement of the inlaid cultural relics in the Palace Museum under normal room temperature.