申明铺遗址出土铁器的工艺考察

Study on manufacturing technique for iron artifacts unearthed from the Shenmingpu site

申明铺遗址(编号2004.HN.X.A-5)位于河南省南阳市淅川县滔河乡申明铺村北,丹江南岸的河边台地上,遗址出土铁器的器形有釜、鍪、环首刀、剑、铧、锸、削、灯、锛、环、席镇等。年代跨越较大,从战国到清代都有,但以汉代为主。为揭示该遗址铁器制造工艺及相关问题,应用金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱分析仪(SEM-EDS)等检测手段,对采集于申明铺遗址的铁质农具、兵器、手工工具及生活用具等14件铁器残片进行了金相及扫描电镜能谱分析。结果表明,对硬度、强度、韧性等机械性能要求较高的农具和兵器多采用固体脱碳技术;较大型的炊具,如铁釜、铁鍪等则采用白口铁、麻口铁及灰口铁等铸造工艺。从一个侧面表明,战国至汉代,我国南阳地区的冶铁水平业已十分高超。

The Shenmingpu site （No. 2004. HN. X. A -5） is located in Nayang city, Henan province. The site is on the south bank of Danjiang River of Shenmingpu village, Xichuan county. Excavated iron artifacts include kettles, pots, ring swords, sword, ploughshares, spades, cutters, lamps, adzes, rings, mat weights, etc. These artifacts date from the Warring States period to the Qing Dynasty, which is a long span of time. But most of the artifacts are dated to the Han Dynasty. Metallurgical analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X- ray Microanalysis（ SEM- EDS）were applied to analyze iron fragments removed from more than 14 pieces of iron artifacts, including farming tools, weapons, implements, and culinary artifacts. The results show that farming tools and weapons were decarbonized during the solid stage to meet the requirements for hardness, strength, and tenacity. While cooking containers such as iron kettle and pot were cast in the same way as white iron, mottled iron and gray cast iron were cast. The findings indicated the existence of high levels of iron smelting and casting technologies during the time periods from the Warring States period to Han Dynasty in the Nanyang area.