汉阳陵文物彩绘的结构观察及颜料成分分析

Structural survey and pigment analysis of the paint layer on the cultural relics from the Han Yangling

汉阳陵彩绘文物多种多样，出土时有些保存状态良好，受环境影响较小，而有些则相反。为了弄清其内部结构原因，为文物保护提供科学依据，通过显微镜观察、X-衍射分析并结合相关文献对4类彩绘文物进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）著衣式陶俑彩绘只有一层颜料层；陶器和木马彩绘由三层构成：灰腻层、生漆有机层、颜料层；（2）漆器彩绘由2～3层漆灰-亚麻布＋2层以上生漆＋2～3层色漆构成；（3）陶俑和木马上的红色颜料为铁红；漆器的红色颜料是朱砂。研究建议出土时对具有生漆有机底层的彩绘即刻采取保湿措施，并采用防绉缩和加固并用的保护方法。

There are a variety of painted cultural relics from the Han Yangling （Yang mausoleum of the Han Dynasty） , some of them were in great condition when unearthed but some of them, however, were in bad shape. To conserve these relics scientifically, microscope and x - ray diffraction （XRD） , based on literature information, were used to study four categories of relics. Results show that （ 1 ） The pottery warrior with painted clothes only has one pigment layer ; The earthenware and the wooden horse have three layers： putty layer, lacquer layer and pigment layer; （2） The lacquer has two or three lacquer putty - linen layers, more than two lacquer layers and two or three color layers; （3） The red pigments on the pottery warrior and the wooden horse are ochre; The red pigment on the lacquer ware is cinnabar. It is suggested that the polyehromes with lacquer should be protected by preserving its moisture during excavation while doing conservation focused on shrinkage - preventing and consolidating of the object.