耕作侵蚀及其农业环境意义

TILLAGE TRANSLOCATION AND TILLAGE EROSION PROCESSES AND THEIR TMPLICATIONS FOR AGRO_ECOSYSTEMS

2 1世纪来临之际 ,耕作研究和耕作习惯将发生重大变化。这一革命性变化的驱动力是人们对耕作位移与耕作侵蚀及其农业持续性和环境保护的日益了解和认识。耕作位移是耕作活动造成的土壤移动。因受耕作工具的设计、操作、景观地形和土壤性质等因素的影响 ,耕作位移在景观内变异很大。耕作位移在景观内的变化导致净土壤重新分配 ,即耕作侵蚀。典型的情况是耕作连续地导致土壤顺坡移动 ,造成土壤在坡上部严重流失 ,而在坡下部堆积。本文描述了耕作位移和耕作侵蚀过程 ,概括了其最新研究进展 ,阐述了耕作侵蚀对作物生产力和温室效应等的农业环境意义 。

As we begin the 21st century tillage research and practices will take significant new directions. This revolution will be driven by a growing awareness and understanding of the processes of tillage translocation and tillage erosion and of their implications for agricultural sustainability and environmental protection. Tillage translocation is the resultant displacement of soil by tillage. Soil can be moved meters by a single pass of tillage. The translocation of soil by tillage varies greatly within landscapes as a result of several factors; these include the design and operation of tillage implements and the topographic and soil properties of landscapes. The consequence of this variation in translocation is net soil redistribution within landscapes, i.e. tillage erosion. Typically, tillage results in the progressive downslope movement of soil, causing severe soil loss on upper slope positions and accumulation in lower slope positions. Tillage translocation and tillage erosion processes are described. An overview of the research to date is presented. A broad range of agri_environmental implications is examined including: crop productivity and greenhouse gas emission. Challenges and opportunities for tillage researchers are identified.