法律实证主义在形式理性坚守中的道德立场——以哈特为例

On the Moral Position of the Rational Legal Positivism

法律实证主义考虑的是意义明晰且不存在争议的法律,看重概念、规则及其逻辑推演,追求法律思考的科学性和技术性,没有自然法学(者)所洋溢或内蕴的"古道热肠"。法律与道德的分离是其核心命题。法律实证主义也因此常常被人误解,似乎法律实证主义是一种冷冰冰的理论,法律实证主义者是一伙不食人间烟火的冷血动物。事实上,在法律实证主义者理性、冷静或近乎淡漠的思考中,潜隐着深刻的自由主义立场和悲天悯人的现实关怀。只不过他们以一种更为理性、现实、诚实的进路与方式,平实地表达着对自由、正义、公平、价值的热爱。法律实证主义法学有其独特的哲学视角,有着特定的问题意识和政治抱负。本文试图以哈特为例,阐释与论证法律实证主义形式理性坚守中的道德立场。

Legal positivism is the significance of clarity. It emphasizes concepts, rules, and logical deduction, and pursus the scientific and technical legal reasoning, which is different from the natural law that is filled with in- trinsic ＂warmheartedness＂. The separation of law and morality is the core proposition. Legal positivism is therefore more likely to be misunderstood. Legal positivism seems to be a cold theory, and legal positivists a group of ＂ cold - blooded animals＂. In fact, there potentially exits a profound liberal position and the compassionate care of reality in legal positivist rational, calm and almost indifferent thinking. They flatly express the love to freedom, justice, fairness, and value with a more rational, realistic, honest approaches and methods. Legal positivism has its own u- nique perspective, with particular awareness of the problem and political ambitions. This paper attempts tO explain and demonstrate the moral position of the rational legal positivism with Hart as an example.