栽培模式及采收时期对北豆根产量和质量的影响

Effect of cultivation mode and harvest time on yield and quality of Rhizoma menispermi

为了提高栽培北豆根的产量及质量,采用药典记载的酸碱滴定法,结合性状调查,研究了不同栽培模式(搭架、掐蔓与自然生长)及采收时间对北豆根生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:搭架处理能显著提高北豆根的产量并能促进其生长,搭架处理较自然生长增产高达51.88%,同时,能显著增加北豆根的根粗、叶宽、叶长、茎粗;其总生物碱含量增加虽未达显著水平,但较掐蔓处理及自然生长均有所提高。4年生北豆根整个生育期中折干率和总生物碱含量都呈现逐渐上升趋势,10月初至封冻前采收差异不明显。北豆根栽培时进行搭架处理是获得高产、优质的有效措施;最佳采收时间为10月初至封冻前。

In order to improve the yield and quality of Rhizoma menispermi, effects of different cultivation mode （humping support, pinching and natural growth） and harvest time on the growth ,yield and quality of R.Menispermi were studied by trait investigation and acid- base titration. The result showed that the humping support significantly increased the yield and promoted growth, increased the yield by 51.88%, and promoted the growth of root diameter, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameter significantly. The content of whole alkaloid in humping support cultivation mode didn＇t significantly increased, but was higher than in pinching and natural growth cultivation mode. In the investigated harvest time,the discount rate and content of whole alkaloid in 4 years old R. Menispermi insignificantly increased than in 2,3 years old. The discount rate and content of whole alkaloid slowly increased during the harvest time.There was no significantly difference from early october to frozen. The result indicated that the humping support was an effective way to increase the yield and improve the quality of R.Menispermi, and the optimum harvest time was from early october to frozen.