重金属污染土壤植物修复及强化措施研究进展

Research progress of phytoremediation and strengthening measures for soil contaminated by heavy metals

目前,全世界范围内土壤重金属污染日趋严重,人类时刻面临着重金属进入食物链毒害健康的威胁。植物修复技术因其绿色、成本低廉和原位治理重金属污染土壤等优点,受到了学界的广泛关注。超富集植物作为植物修复的核心内容,种质资源丰富,近年来其吸收、转运和解毒机理也得以深入研究。重金属污染土壤的植物修复可以分为植物萃取、植物稳定和植物挥发3种类型,国内外学者业已通过水培、盆栽等试验手段分别验证了应用这3种类型的可行性。结合近几年国际上的应用案例,分别阐述了利用螯合剂、微生物、基因工程和农艺管理等强化植物修复措施的机理,并展望了未来植物修复领域的研究方向。

Nowadays, heavy metals pollution of soil has become serious all over the world, mankind is faced with health threats of heavy metals entering the food chain. Phytoremediation has received wide concern with the advantages of green, cost-effective and in situ treatment. As the core of phytoremediation, hyper accumulator has abundant germplasm resources and whose mechanism of adsorption, transport and detoxification has been studied further in the past few years. The phytoremediation for soil contaminated by heavy metal can be classified into three types of phytoextraction, phytostabilization and phytovolatilization, the feasibility of these types has also been identified by scholars by laboratory facilities of hydroponics and pot experiment. Combined with recent international application case, the mechanism of strengthening measures for phytoremediation including chelating agent, microorganism, genetic engineering and agronomic practices was respectively illustrated, and the prospective research direction of phytoremediation was also outlooked.