森林植物对北京特大暴雨截留特征研究

Intercept characteristics of typical forest in Beijing severe storm

针对2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨，分析了北京西山4种典型森林植被对降雨的截留作用．结果表明：北京特大暴雨历时16h多，累积降雨量164．4mm，存在3个高峰期，70％的雨量集中在21日11：00～18：00；各林分内穿透雨的波动趋势与林外降雨基本一致，林内的最大雨强均小于林外最大雨强，可见森林植被对于降雨具有削弱作用；各林分内穿透雨的起始时间均晚于林外降雨，结束时间相较于林外降雨也有推迟，说明森林植被对于降雨具有延滞作用；各林分树干茎流截留率范围为1.4％～2．1％，林冠截留率为19．8％～29．5％。

The interception characteristics of four typical forest vegetation located in Beijin$ mountain areas were studied during the Beijing severe storm of July 21, 2012. The research showed that the storm lasted 16 hours with three peaks and a cumulative rainfall of 164.4 mm. 70% of the rainfall concentrated in 11 am. to 6 pm. on July 21;Precipitations in stand and outer basicly showed the same fluctuation tendency, the maximum rainfall intensity in stand were lower than it of the outer which means forest vegetation has weakening effects on rainfall; the starting and the ending time of precipitations in stand was both late than the outer ones which proved that forest vegetation could delay the rainfall.The rage of stemflow percentage and throughfall percentage are 1.4%-2.1%, and 19.8%-29.5%.